The Complete Guide to Rubab: History, Parts, Tuning, and Mastery

Description:

This article provides a complete guide to the Rubab—covering its evolution, parts, tuning techniques, scales, and much more. It’s based on years of research from My Rubab v3, offering valuable insights to learners and musicians alike. Whether you are just beginning or looking to master this instrument, this guide will help you make the right choices and advance your skills.


Introduction

The Rubab, also known as Rabab, is the national musical instrument of Afghanistan. This stringed instrument plays a vital role in the music cultures of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, where it is cherished by Pashtuns, Balochis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, and Punjabis. It has evolved into several variants, including the Kabuli Rebab of Afghanistan, the Rawap from Xinjiang, and the Seni Rebab from northern India.


The Origins and Evolution of the Rubab

While the precise origins of the Rubab remain unclear, its influence spans across different cultures. It is often linked to the ancient Indian Veena, while some credit Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, with its invention. Traditionally, the Rubab had six strings, but today’s version features three main strings, along with drone and sympathetic strings, creating its unique echo.

Modern Rubabs are now crafted using heavy-duty nylon fishing lines for the primary strings, replacing the original gut strings. The instrument’s body is typically made from King Mulberry wood (Shah Tut), with goatskin stretched over the lower chamber. This craftsmanship, along with its evolving string materials, continues to give the Rubab its distinct tonal character.


Understanding the Parts of the Rubab

Knowing the parts of the Rubab is essential for players and learners, especially as these terms are often used by craftsmen and musicians:

Part Name in Pashto Description
Main Strings Ghata, Bam, Zir The three primary strings responsible for melody.
Sympathetic Strings Sim-e-Tarab Additional strings that resonate with the main strings, adding echo.
Skin Pust Goatskin stretched over the lower chamber, enhancing sound resonance.
Bridge Tatoo Supports the strings and transmits their vibrations.
Pegs Ghwagi Tuning keys used to adjust string tension.
Fingerboard Takhta The wooden surface where notes are played.

Tuning the Rubab: Star Notation System

Tuning the Rubab is crucial for achieving its distinctive sound. The tuning method involves adjusting the three main strings—Ghata, Bam, and Zir—using the pegs (Ghwagi). For consistent results, we recommend using a frequency-based tuning app on your smartphone. The Star Notation system developed in My Rubab v3 simplifies the tuning process:

  • Ghata: Tune to 176 Hz (bass).
  • Bam: Tune to 234 Hz (middle).
  • Zir: Tune to 314 Hz (high).

Additionally, the sympathetic strings (Sim-e-Tarab) are tuned to match the notes of the raga you are playing, creating the Rubab’s characteristic echo.


Selecting the Right Rubab: Size and Care Tips

The size of the Rubab affects its sound and playability. Here are some recommendations based on age and skill level:

  • 25-26 inches: Best for children and beginners.
  • 27-30 inches: Suitable for most adult learners, offering a balance between sharp and bass tones.
  • 31-33 inches: Ideal for professionals, providing deep bass tones but harder to carry.

When selecting a Rubab, consider the craftsmanship and materials. Older Rubabs with aged wood produce sweeter tones, but newer models are more visually appealing. Always store your Rubab in a padded bag or hard case to protect it from temperature changes and humidity.

For detailed tips on selecting and caring for your Rubab, read our guide here.


Global Popularity and Growing Interest

The Rubab has transcended regional boundaries, gaining popularity worldwide. Musicians from Japan, China, Germany, the USA, Iran, and India are now embracing this beautiful instrument. The rise of online learning platforms, including our Rubab Sargam Academy, has further fueled this interest.


Learn with Rubab Sargam Academy

Ready to master the Rubab? Join our Rubab Sargam Academy for personalized lessons and expert guidance. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced player, we have the right courses for you!


Order “My Rubab v3” for Advanced Learning

Looking for more detailed notes, scales, and advanced techniques? Order your copy of My Rubab v3 today! This book offers comprehensive guidance for learners of all levels. Order now via WhatsApp: Click Here.


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